Testing Guides & Best Practices

A practical blueprint for building local‑first, real‑time, offline‑capable apps in 2025. How to choose CRDTs vs OT, design IDs and conflict rules, run sync at the edge with Durable Objects and Turso SQLite, secure multi‑tenant data, test merges, and avoid the pitfalls.

An opinionated, hands-on guide to modern app permissions in 2025: model relationships and tuples with Zanzibar-style ReBAC, integrate policy engines like Cedar and OPA, handle caching and consistency, migrate from RBAC, adopt multi-tenant patterns, and avoid testing and performance pitfalls.

YAML sprawl slows delivery. Move to typed config and code generation with CUE, KCL, Dhall, and Kubernetes CDKs. Learn migration steps, composition patterns, and a GitOps-friendly workflow in 2025.

A practical blueprint for real‑time systems without Kafka‑by‑default: CDC with Postgres, transactional outbox/inbox patterns, Debezium, and idempotent consumers to propagate state and keep services consistent.

How SQLite powers edge databases in 2025: patterns for global reads, safe writes, replication with Turso/libSQL, Cloudflare D1, LiteFS, Litestream, and limits.

A pragmatic teardown of background jobs and durable execution: retries, idempotency, timeouts, sagas, backfills, versioning, and multi‑region. When to replace cron/queues with Temporal or Step Functions, plus migration patterns, costs, and gotchas.

A 2025 deep dive into ditching Dockerfiles: Nix flakes, Buildpacks, ko, Melange/apko, and Bazel to ship deterministic, minimal images with SBOMs and SLSA provenance.

A critical, hands-on look at jj, Sapling, and Pijul: stacked diffs, painless rebases, huge-repo performance, and Git interop for piloting them in 2025.

Replace SSH keys and tokens with short‑lived OIDC identities: gitsign for commits, cosign for images, CI federation, SLSA provenance, and a safe rollout plan.

Opinionated, hands-on guide to GPU-aware Kubernetes in 2025: device plugins, gang scheduling, queues/preemption, MIG/MPS partitioning, bin-packing, spot fallback, and orchestration via Kueue, Volcano, and Ray.

A practical, opinionated blueprint for bringing software testing discipline to LLM and RAG systems in 2025: gold datasets, offline and online evals, guardrails, prompt and model versioning, CI regression gates, and telemetry to catch drift before users do.

AI agents are moving from demos to daily dev tools. This article dissects the Model Context Protocol (MCP), how it standardizes tool access, impacts security and observability, reduces lock-in, and what steps teams should take to make their stacks MCP-ready.

Microservices sprawl is expensive. Learn when a modular monolith wins and how to collapse services safely: domain boundaries, repo/layout decisions, build/test pipelines, observability, data strategy, and a phased migration plan.